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Intelligence And Critical Reasoning | Syllogism

Q. No. 1:	Two statement are given followed by another group of two statements listed as P and Q. these are supposed to be inferences from the first two. Study these and choose : Statements : All cars are cats. Some cats are chairs. Conclusions : P. Some cars are chairs. Q. Some chairs are car.
A :	If only P follows.
B :	If only Q follows
C :	If both P and Q follows
D :	If neither P nor Q follows

Solution Answer: D Some cars may be chairs or may not be chairs. Likewise, some chairs may be cars and may be not. Hence, None of the conclusions follows.

Q. No. 2:	Two statement are given followed by another group of two statements listed as P and Q. these are supposed to be inferences from the first two. Study these and choose : Statements : All carts are guns. All guns are bed. Conclusions : P. All carts are beds. Q. Some beds are carts.
A :	If only P follows
B :	If only Q follows
C :	If both P and Q follows
D :	If neither P nor Q follows

Solution Answer: C The middle term guns is distributed. Hence conclusion P follows. Also, the mediate inference B is valid.

Q. No. 3:	Two statement are given followed by another group of two statements listed as P and Q. these are supposed to be inferences from the first two. Study these and choose : Statements : All poles are guns. Some boats are not poles. Conclusions : P. All guns are boats. Q. Some boats are not guns.
A :	If only P follows
B :	If only Q follows
C :	If both P and Q follows
D :	If neither P nor Q follows

Solution Answer: D Conclusion Q is of mediate inference. Since the middle term is not distributed, it does not follow. Conclusion P is not valid.

Q. No. 4:	Two statement are given followed by another group of two statements listed as P and Q. these are supposed to be inferences from the first two. Study these and choose : Statements : All chairs are houses. Some shoes are houses. Conclusions : P. Some chairs are shoes. Q. Some shoes are chairs.
A :	If only P follows
B :	If only Q follows
C :	If both P and Q follows
D :	If neither P nor Q follows

Solution Answer: D No mediate inference is possible since the middle term is not distributed. Hence none of the conclusion follow.

Q. No. 5:	Two statement are given followed by another group of two statements listed as P and Q. these are supposed to be inferences from the first two. Study these and choose : Statements : All men are married. Some men are educated. Conclusions : P. Some married persons are educated. Q. Some educated are married.
A :	If only P follows
B :	If only Q follows
C :	If both P and Q follows
D :	If neither P nor Q follows

Solution Answer: C Both conclusion are valid.

Q. No. 6:	Two statement are given followed by another group of two statements listed as P and Q. these are supposed to be inferences from the first two. Study these and choose : Statements : All boys are girls. No girl is a father. Conclusions : P. All girls are boys. Q. No boy is a father.
A :	If only P follows
B :	If only Q follows
C :	If both P and Q follows
D :	If neither P nor Q follows

Solution Answer: B Conclusion A does not follow The conclusion B is valid according to the Venn diagram.

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Syllogism